Elbournes claim that in english, pronouns are definite determiners raises an important crosslinguistic question. Theoretical approaches to inter and crosslinguistic. Crosslinguistic variation in imperfectivity 309 this paper, we argue that mebengokre belongs to the group with a highly special. The mathematician who proved goldbachs conjecture is a woman. They are the linguistic equivalent of assumptions, they are useful for both recognising what is assumed by the clients speech their model of the world and assisting in creating new internal representations for the client. In other words, just as there can be no theory without description. Crosslinguistic variation and efficiency oxford university. Citeseerx presuppositions and crosslinguistic variation. The rst of these is whether there is such a thing as the future across languages, as is often assumed.
Obligatory implicatures in ga kwa introduction this paper presents an experimental investigation of the obligatory occurrence of additive markers in ga kwa, an underresearched language spoken in ghana, in comparison to previous studies on german. Chapter 1 negation in a crosslinguistic perspective. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Linguistic presupposition psychology secrets for marketing. Language variation 1 chapter 7 language and variation 7. Recognizing what is assumed by the clients speech and assisting in. In fact, three broad types of models can be distinguished with respect to the way they handle crosslinguistic variation in parsing see also cuetos et al. Biber finds striking and highly systematic similarities in the patterns of linguistic variation across languages, and this leads him to propose the possibility of cross linguistic universals governing the patterns of discourse variation p. Variation and linguistic theory patrick honeybone university of edinburgh, patrick. Morphological structure and parsing in the lexicon. Background crosslinguistic influence often referred to as transfer has been an important factor to consider in the study of foreign language acquisition in general in foreign language acquisition, the learner starts off with at least one fully acquired linguistic system.
This paper argues that languages differ in whether they possess pragmatic. This paper explores the ways in which conceptual metaphor theory lakoff and johnson 1980. What is a presupposition and why is it important in. Presuppositions and crosslinguistic variation core. Pronouns, presuppositions, and semantic variation lisa matthewson university of british columbia 1. Instead of x causes y, the pattern is identified by x equals or means y. Linguistic development is as seamless as all other cases oflinguistic variation penny 1998. The coast salishan languages are less similar to each other than are the interior salishan languages, probably because the coast communities have more access to outside influences. May 25, 2019 since the rise of sociolinguistics in the 1960s, interest in linguistic variation also called linguistic variability has developed rapidly. Languages vary from one place to another, from one social group to another, and from one situation to another, and these are the.
In fact, three broad types of models can be distinguished with respect to the way they handle cross linguistic variation in parsing see also cuetos et al. Crosslinguistic influence often referred to as transfer has been an important factor to consider in the study of foreign language acquisition in general in foreign language acquisition, the learner starts off with at least one fully acquired linguistic system. A sentence that uses a presupposition is one which relies on a certain belief to be taken for granted first, in order for the remainder of the sentence is held to understood or held as true. The information that a person reveals through speech is not necessarily accurate or correct and will nonetheless reveal what they hold to be true in their model of the world. Presuppositions are the foundation of hypnosis induction. How to use presuppositions in linguistics and nlp get the. Additive presuppositions are derived through activating.
I had no idea that someone proved goldbachs conjecture. Negation under yiqian before in mandarin chinese and cross. Each one of these nlp presuppositions explains oftenunexplainable human behavior and psychology. The models that formalist, theoreticallyminded linguists work with. The syntax and semantics of comparison constructions is subject to substantial crosslinguistic variation stassen 1985. Syntactic categories, crosslinguistic variation and. Obligatory implicatures in ga kwa introduction this paper presents an experimental investigation of the obligatory occurrence of additive markers in ga kwa, an underresearched language spoken in ghana, in.
Matthewson argues following gaukers 1998 model that statimcets salish lacks. Syntactic categories, crosslinguistic variation and universal grammar 175 edge that every description, however inductive and bottomup its orientation, in ef feet constitutes a theory about the phenomena under investigation. A study of speakers perspective in japanese spoken discourse. The degree semantics parameter and crosslinguistic variation the standard degree analysis of gradability in english holds that the function of degree morphology, such as the comparative, measure phrases, and degree adverbs, is to bind a degree variable located in. Focus marking in a language lacking pragmatic presuppositions. Read the bulletpoint statements and try to detect the presuppositions in each. This paper argues that languages differ in whether they. Linguistic presuppositions allow for the internal universe of the speaker to be revealed. Since the rise of sociolinguistics in the 1960s, interest in linguistic variation also called linguistic variability has developed rapidly.
They also contain the linguistic structure of how we speak our beliefs. View crosslinguistic influence research papers on academia. Therefore we must assume that a child acquiring a particular language is faced with a nontrivial task in this domain, in which she is guided by the range of what is crosslinguistically possible snyder 2007. Complex equivalence is similar to cause and effect. This paper argues that languages differ in whether they possess pragmati. This chapter builds on previous work on the diversity of english presupposition triggers with respect to their projection behavior in an experimental setting amaral et al. The degree semantics parameter and crosslinguistic variation. Introduction it may seem surprising, but linguistic variation is often seen as a problem for linguistic theory. The degree semantics parameter and cross linguistic variation the standard degree analysis of gradability in english holds that the function of degree morphology, such as the comparative, measure phrases, and degree adverbs, is to bind a degree variable located in the lexical semantics of gradable predicates. The format of choice is as and so which is a template that can be applied to anything that is happening and turn it into evidence that the hypnotic state. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Presupposition triggers without presuppositions 14 a. Keenan in concluding that the overarching universal of effability or translatability between languages cannot be upheld in its strongest form. Presuppositions and crosslinguistic variation university of british.
Trask notes that variation, far from being peripheral and inconsequential, is a vital part of ordinary linguistic behavior key concepts in language and linguistics. Taken as standalone ideology, they have great power. What is assumed in the model of the world of the speaker by the listener. Cross linguistic pragmatics at zas berlin, the workshop on secondary information and linguistic. In proceedings of the 26th meeting of teh northeastern linguistic society, pages 6376. A crosslinguistic study on information backgrounding and. A recurring theme throughout this survey is how much work still remains to be. Developmental and crosslinguistic variation in the infant vowel space. Temporal interpretation and crosslinguistic variation publish. Evidence for these comes from languages permitting structural options from which selections are made in performance, e. Grammatical relations and verb agreement in cherokee. View cross linguistic influence research papers on academia.
Research on understudied languages and crosslinguistic variation from a formal. Mebengokre aspectual markers share a morphosyntactic. Pronouns, presuppositions, and semantic variation ubc linguistics. Espinals 1992, 2000 approach to expletive negation. Crosslinguistic influence research papers academia. Phonetic theory and crosslinguistic variation in vowel articulation p. Trask notes that variation, far from being peripheral and inconsequential, is a vital part of ordinary linguistic behavior key concepts in language and linguistics, 2007.
On the projection of the presupposition of embedded questions. Introduction in this paper i intend to establish that the semantics of thirdperson pronouns is crosslinguistically variable, and in particular, that not all languages possess third. Additive presuppositions are derived through activating focus. Fail in 2b patterns with deny, refuse, reject, dissuade, doubt in this respect. The presupposition generating linguistic items are referred to as presupposition triggers. Used together, they roadmap a way of looking at reality creation that underlies the psychology of success for some of the greatest overachievers in our current society. A presupposition is a background belief something that sits, unsaid, and helps provide meaning about what a person says. When a person says something makes an utterance, the meaning of that sentence has to do with the words, etc, but the meaning only exists within the. This paper proposes to derive it based on two properties. Another example of language change in the salishan language family is word taboo, which is a cultural expression of the belief in the power of words. Presuppositions are linguistic assumptions and are useful for. Pdf developmental and crosslinguistic variation in the. According to espinal 1992, 2000, expletive negation is a natural language phenomenon induced by specific lexical items with nonveridicality property. Context updates in headfinal languages semantics archive.
Hawkins argues that major patterns of variation across languages are structured by general principles of efficiency in language use and communication. Pronouns, presuppositions, and semantic variation request pdf. Presuppositions and crosslinguistic variation out one potential method right away, observe that it would be illegitimate to ask consultants whether a sentence q takes a proposition p for granted. Nlp linguistic presuppositions free nlp guide from. John knew that there was a mountain behind the house. Such questions in effect ask the consultant to perform analysis. To assist you in detecting the different types of presupposition common in natural language some useful and illustrative examples follow. Introduction in this paper i intend to establish that the semantics of thirdperson pronouns is cross linguistically variable, and in particular, that not all languages possess third. Negation in a crosslinguistic perspective 5 certain verbs contribute an inherent negative meaning. Master of magic and suggestion derren brown advises that the best method of hypnosis induction is a rapid series of presuppositions. This variation poses problems for existing accounts that treat the presupposition as a semantic contribution of an operator merging with the whcomplement dayal 1996 or by the embedding predicate uegaki 2015. Presuppositions and cross linguistic variation out one potential method right away, observe that it would be illegitimate to ask consultants whether a sentence q takes a proposition p for granted.
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